Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Volume 46, Issue 1 , Pages 1-9 , July 2003

Implications of cigarette smoking for the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes

  • Louise Metz

      Affiliations

    • Division of Cardiology, San Francisco General Hospital, and the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
    • ,
  • David D Waters

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: David Waters, MD, Division of Cardiology, Room 5G1, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
    • Division of Cardiology, San Francisco General Hospital, and the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA

References 

  1. Kelly TL, Gilpin E, Ahnve S, et al.  Smoking status at the time of acute myocardial infarction and subsequent prognosis. Am Heart J. 1985;110:535–541
  2. Molstad P. First myocardial infarction in smokers. Eur Heart J. 1991;12:753–759
  3. Sparrow D, Dawber TR. The influence of cigarette smoking on prognosis after a first myocardial infarction (a report from the Framingham Study). J Chron Dis. 1978;31:425–432
  4. Barbash GI, Reiner J, White HD, et al.  Evaluation of paradoxical beneficial effects of smoking in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction (mechanism of the “smoker’s paradox” from the GUSTO-1 trial, with angiographic insights). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:1222–1229
  5. Thanavaro S, Kleiger RE, Province ME, et al.  Effect of infarct location on the in-hospital prognosis of patients with first transmural myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1982;66:742–747
  6. Grines CL, Topol EJ, O’Neill WW, et al.  Effect of cigarette smoking on outcome after thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1995;91:298–303
  7. Hasdai D, Rihal CS, Lerman A, et al.  Smokers undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization present with fewer narrowings in the target coronary artery. Am J Cardiol. 1997;80:1212–1214
  8. Roald HE, Orvim U, Bakken IJ, et al.  Modulation of thrombotic responses in moderately stenosed arteries by cigarette smoking and aspirin ingestion. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14:617–621
  9. Kimura S, Nishinaga M, Ozawa T, et al.  Thrombin generation as an acute effect of cigarette smoking. Am Heart J. 1994;128:7–11
  10. Hung J, Lam JYT, Lacoste L, et al.  Cigarette smoking acutely increases platelet thrombus formation in patients with coronary artery disease taking aspirin. Circulation. 1995;92:2432–2436
  11. Matetzky S, Tani S, Kangavari S, et al.  Smoking increases tissue factor expression in atherosclerotic plaques. Circulation. 2000;102:602–604
  12. Ichiki K, Haramaki N, Ueno T, et al.  Long-term smoking impairs platelet-derived nitric oxide release. Circulation. 1996;94:3109–3114
  13. Kugiyama K, Yasue H, Ohgushi M, et al.  Deficiency in nitric oxide bioactivity in epicardial coronary arteries of cigarette smokers. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28:1161–1167
  14. Barua RS, Ambrose JA, Eales-Reynolds LJ, et al.  Dysfunctional endothelial nitric oxide biosynthesis in healthy smokers with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. Circulation. 2001;105:1905–1910
  15. Zeiher A, Schächinger V, Minners J. Long-term cigarette smoking impairs endothelium-dependent coronary arterial vasodilator function. Circulation. 1995;92:1094–1100
  16. Celermajer DS, Sorensen KE, Georgakopoulos D, et al.  Cigarette smoking is associated with dose-related and potentially reversible impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation in healthy young adults. Circulation. 1993;88:2149–2155
  17. Barura RS, Ambrose JA, Saha D, et al.  Smoking is associated with altered endothelial-derived fibrinolytic and antithrombotic factors (an in vitro demonstration). Circulation. 2002;106:905–908
  18. Newby DE, Wright RA, Labinjoh C, et al.  Endothelial dysfunction, impaired endogenous fibrinolysis, and cigarette smoking (a mechanism for arterial thrombosis ad myocardial infarction). Circulation. 1999;99:1411–1415
  19. Quillen JE, Rossen JD, Oskarsson HJ, et al.  Acute effect of cigarette smoking on the coronary circulation (constriction of epicardial and resistance vessels). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22:642–647
  20. Tsuchiya M, Asada A, Kasahara E, et al.  Smoking a single cigarette rapidly reduces combined concentrations of nitrate and nitrite and concentrations of antioxidants in plasma. Circulation. 2002;105:1155–1157
  21. Czernin J, Sun K, Brunken R, et al.  Effect of acute and long-term smoking on myocardial blood flow and flow reserve. Circulation. 1995;91:2891–2897
  22. Gomez MA, Karagounis LA, Allen A, et al.  Effect of cigarette smoking on coronary patency after thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1993;72:373–378
  23. Barbash GI, White HD, Modan M, et al.  Significance of smoking in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction (experience gleaned from the International Tissue Plasminogen Activator/Streptokinase Mortality Trial). Circulation. 1993;87:53–58
  24. Maggioni AP, Maseri A, Fresco C, et al.  Age-related increase in mortality among patients with first myocardial infarctions treated with thrombolysis (the investigators of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravivenza nell’Infarto Miocardico). N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1442–1448
  25. Vaccarino V, Parsons L, Every NR, et al.  Sex-based differences in early mortality after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:217–225
  26. Gottlieb S, Boyko V, Zahger D, et al.  Smoking and prognosis after acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era (Israeli Thrombolytic National Survey). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28:1506–1513
  27. Andrikopoulos GK, Richter DJ, Dilaveris PE, et al.  In-hospital mortality of habitual cigarette smokers after acute myocardial infarction (the ‘smoker’s paradox in a countrywide study). Eur Heart J. 2001;22:776–784
  28. de Chillou C, Riff P, Sadoul N, et al.  Influence of cigarette smoking on rate of reopening of the infarct-related coronary artery after myocardial infarction (a multivariate analysis). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;27:1662–1668
  29. Hermanson B, Omenn GS, Kronmal RA, et al.  Beneficial six-year outcome of smoking cessation in older men and women with coronary artery disease (results from the CASS Registry). N Engl J Med. 1988;319:1365–1369
  30. Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Shapiro S. Decline in the risk of myocardial infarction among women who stop smoking. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:213–217
  31. Bowers TR, Terrien EF, O’Neill WW, et al.  Effect of reperfusion modality on outcome in nonsmokers and smokers with acute myocardial infarction (a Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction {PAMI} substudy). Am J Cardiol. 1996;78:511–515
  32. Hasdai D, Lerman A, Rihal CS, et al.  Smoking status and outcome after primary coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 1999;137:612–620
  33. Cohen DJ, Doucet M, Cutlip DE, et al.  Impact of smoking on clinical and angiographic restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation. 2001;104:773–778
  34. Ashby DT, Dangas G, Mehran R, et al.  Comparison of one-year outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention among current smokers, ex-smokers, and nonsmokers. Am J Card. 2002;89:221–224
  35. Hasdai D, Garrett KN, Grill DE, et al.  Effect of smoking status on the long-term outcome after successful percutaneous coronary revascularization. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:755–761
  36. Macdonald RG, Henderson MA, Hirshfeld JW, et al.  Patient-related variables and restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (a report from the M-HEART group). Am J Cardiol. 1990;66:926–931
  37. Holmes DR, Vlietstra RE, Smith HC, et al.  Restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (a report from the PTCA Registry of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute). Am J Cardiol. 1984;53:77C–81C
  38. Galan KM, Deligonul U, Kern MJ, et al.  Increased frequency of restenosis in patients continuing to smoke cigarettes after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Am J Cardiol. 1988;61:260–263
  39. Taira DA, Seto TB, Ho KKL, et al.  Impact of smoking on health-related quality of life after percutaneous coronary revascularization. Circulation. 2000;102:1369–1374
  40. Cavender JB, Rogers WJ, Fisher LD, et al.  Effects of smoking on survival and morbidity in patients randomized to medical or surgical therapy in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) (10-year follow-up). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20:287–294
  41. Voors AA, van Brussel BL, Plokker T, et al.  Smoking and cardiac events after venous coronary bypass surgery (a 15-year follow-up). Circulation. 1996;93:42–47
  42. van Domburg RT, Meeter K, van Berkel DFM, et al.  Smoking cessation reduces mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery (a 20-year follow-up study). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:878–883
  43. Amoroso G, Mariani MA, Tio RA, Grandjean JG. Continued cigarette smoking after coronary artery bypass surgery reduces endothelium-dependent vasodilation in internal thoracic artery grafts. Ital Heart J. 2001;2:139–141
  44. Waters D, Lésperance J, Gladstone P, et al.  Effects of cigarette smoking on the angiographic evolution of coronary atherosclerosis (a Canadian Coronary Atherosclerosis Intervention Trial (CCAIT) substudy). Circulation. 1996;94:614–621
  45. Domanski MJ, Borkowf CB, Campeau L, et al.  Prognostic factors for atherosclerosis progression in saphenous vein grafts (the Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (Post-CABG) trial). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:1877–1883
  46. Kavanagh T, Mertens DJ, Hamm LF, et al.  Prediction of long-term prognosis in 12,169 men referred for cardiac rehabilitation. Circulation. 2002;106:666–671
  47. Willett WC, Hennekens CH, Bain C, Rosner B, Speizer FE. Cigarette smoking and non-fatal myocardial infarction in women. Am J Epidemiol. 1981;113:575–582
  48. Rosenberg L, Kaufman DW, Helmrich SP, Shapiro S. The risk of myocardial infarction after quitting smoking in men under 55 years of age. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:1511–1515
  49. Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Shapiro S. Decline in the risk of myocardial infarction among women who stop smoking. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:213–217
  50. Dobson A, Alexander H, Heller R, Lloyd D. How soon after quitting smoking does risk of heart attack decline?. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44:1247–1253
  51. Kawachi I, Colditz G, Stampfer M, et al.  Smoking cessation and time course of decreased risks of coronary heart disease in middle-aged women. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:169–172
  52. Wannamathee SG, Shaper G, Whincup P, Walker M. Smoking cessation and the risk of stroke in middle-aged men. JAMA. 1995;274:155–160
  53. Kawichi I, Colditz GA, Stampfer M, et al.  Smoking cessation and decreased risk of stroke in women. JAMA. 1993;269:232–236
  54. Lightwood JM, Glantz SA. Short-term economic and health benefits of smoking cessation (myocardial infarction and stroke). Circulation. 1997;96:1089–1096
  55. Benowitz N, Gourlay S. Cardiovascular toxicity of nicotine (implications for nicotine replacement therapy). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29:1422–1431

PII: S0033-0620(03)00075-6

doi: 10.1016/S0033-0620(03)00075-6

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Volume 46, Issue 1 , Pages 1-9 , July 2003

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution