Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Volume 52, Issue 4 , Pages 289-299 , January 2010

Alcoholic and Cocaine-Associated Cardiomyopathies

  • Eric H. Awtry
  • ,
  • George J. Philippides

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to George J. Philippides, MD, F.A.H.A, Associate Chair for Clinical Affairs, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Boston Medical Center 88 East Newton Street, Collamore 818 H, Cardiovascular Office Boston, MA 02118.

References 

  1. Coate D. Moderate drinking and coronary heart disease mortality: evidence from NHANES I and the NHANES I Follow-up. Am J Public Health. 1993;83:888–890
  2. Kannel WB, Ellison RC. Alcohol and coronary heart disease: the evidence for a protective effect. Clin Chim Acta. 1996;246:59–76
  3. Corrao G, Rubbiati L, Bagnardi V, et al. Alcohol and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. Addiction. 2000;95:1505–1523
  4. Mukamal KJ, Chiuve SE, Rimm EB. Alcohol consumption and risk for coronary heart disease in men with healthy lifestyles. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:2145–2150
  5. Rimm EB, Moats C. Alcohol and coronary heart disease: drinking patterns and mediators of effect. Ann Epidemiol. 2007;17:S3–S7
  6. Collins MA, Neafsey EJ, Mukamal KJ, et al. Alcohol in moderation, cardioprotection, and neuroprotection: epidemiological considerations and mechanistic studies. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009;33:206–219
  7. Agarwal DP. Cardiovascular effects of light-moderate consumption of alcohol: A review of putative mechanism. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 2002;37:409–415
  8. Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, Bagnardi V, et al. Alcohol dosing and total mortality in men and women: an updated meta-analysis of 34 prospective studies. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:2437–2445
  9. Lazarevic' AM, Nakatani S, Nes kovic AN, et al. Early changes in left ventricular function in chronic asymptomatic alcoholics: relation to the duration of heavy drinking. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35:1599–1606
  10. Gavazzi A, De Maria R, Parolini M, et al. on behalf of the Italian Multicenter Cardiomyopathy Study Group (SPIC) Alcohol abuse and dilated cardiomyopathy in men. Am J Cardiol. 2000;85:1114–1118
  11. Urbano-Marquez A, Estruch R, Navarro-Lopez F, et al. The effects of alcoholism on skeletal and cardiac muscle. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:409–415
  12. Vital and Health Statistics. Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1995;13:
  13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) . Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2008;
  14. Walsh CR, Larson MG, Evans JC, et al. Alcohol consumption and risk for congestive heart failure in the Framingham Heart Study. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:181–191
  15. Bryson CL, Mukamal KJ, Mittleman MA, et al. The association of alcohol consumption and incident heart failure. The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:305–311
  16. Djousse L, Gaziano JM. Alcohol consumption and risk of heart failure in the Physician's Health Study I. Circulation. 2007;115:34–39
  17. Djousse L, Gaziano JM. Alcohol consumption and heart failure in hypertensive US male physicians. Am J Cardiol. 2008;102:593–597
  18. Kupari M, Koskinen P, Suokas A. Left ventricular size, mass and function in relation to the duration and quantity of heavy drinking in alcoholics. Am J Cardiol. 1991;67:274–279
  19. Bertolet BD, Freund G, Martin CA, et al. Unrecognized left ventricular dysfunction in an apparently healthy alcohol abuse population. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1991;28:113–119
  20. Darcy M, Bland JM, Leech G, et al. Preclinical left ventricular abnormalities in alcoholics are independent of nutritional status, cirrhosis, and cigarette smoking. Lancet. 1985;1:1122–1125
  21. McKenna CJ, Codd MB, McCann HA, et al. Alcohol consumption and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a case control study. Am Heart J. 1998;135:833–837
  22. Dancy M, Maxwell JD. Alcohol and dilated cardiomyopathy. Alcohol Alcohol. 1986;21:185–198
  23. Urbano-Marquez A, Estruch R, Fernanez-Sola J, et al. The greater risk of alcoholic cardiomyopathy and myopathy in women compared with men. JAMA. 1995;274:149–154
  24. Piano MR. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy: Incidence, clinical characteristics, and pathophysiology. Chest. 2002;121:1638–1650
  25. Matthews EC, Gradin JM, Henry WL, et al. Echocardiographic abnormalities in chronic alcoholics with and without overt congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 1981;47:570–578
  26. Fernández-Solà J, Estruch R, Nicolás J, et al. Comparison of Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy in Women Versus Men. Am J Cardiol. 1997;80:481–485
  27. Hibbs RG, Ferrans VJ, Black WC, et al. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy. An electron microscopic study. Am Heart J. 1965;69:766–779
  28. Ferrans VJ, Hibbs RG, Weilbaecher DG, et al. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy. A histochemical study. Am Heart J. 1965;69:748–765
  29. Lang RM, Borow KM, Neumann A, et al. Adverse effects of acute alcohol ingestion in young adults. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:742–747
  30. Lang LG, Sobel BE. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by fatty acid ethyl esters, myocardial metabolites of alcohol. J Clin Invest. 1983;72:724–731
  31. Brown RA, Jefferson L, Sudan N, et al. Acetaldehyde depresses myocardial contraction and cardiac myocyte shortening in spontaneously hypertensive rats: role of intracellular Ca2+. Cell Mol Biol. 1999;45:453–465
  32. Ren J, Davidoff AJ, Brown RA, et al. Acetaldehyde depresses shortening and intracellular Ca2+transients in adult rat ventricular myocytes. Cell Mol Biol. 1997;43:825–834
  33. Schreiber SS, Oratz M, Rothschild MA. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy: the effect of ethanol and acetaldehyde on cardiac protein synthesis. Recent Adv Stud Cardiac Struct Metab. 1975;7:431–442
  34. Li S, Ren J. Cardiac overexpression of alcohol dehydrogenase exacerbates chronic ethanol ingestion-included myocardial dysfunction and hypertrophy: role of insulin signaling and ER stress. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2008;44:992–1001
  35. Doser TA, Turdi S, Thomas T, et al. Transgenic overexpression of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 rescues chronic alcohol intake-induced myocardial hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction. Circulation. 2009;119:1941–1949
  36. Cheng CP, Cheng HJ, Cunningham C, et al. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade prevents alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2006;114:226–236
  37. Fernandez-Sola J, Nicolas JM, Oriola J, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism is associated with vulnerability to alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:321–326
  38. Wang L, Zhuo Z, Saari J, et al. Alcohol-induced myocardial fibrosis in metallothionein-null mice. Prevention by zinc supplementation. Am J Pathol. 2005;167:337–344
  39. Kesteloot H, Roelandt J, Willems J, et al. An inquiry into the role of cobalt in the heart disease of chronic beer drinkers. Circulation. 1968;37:854–864
  40. Fauchier L, Babuty D, Poret P, et al. Comparison of long-term outcome of alcoholic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J. 2000;21:306–314
  41. Skotzko CE, Vrinceanu A, Krueger L, et al. Alcohol use and congestive heart failure: indicence, importance, and approaches to improve history taking. Heart Fail Rev. 2009;14:51–55
  42. Kupari M, Koskinen P, Suokas A, et al. Left ventricular filling impairment in asymptomatic chronic alcoholics. Am J Cardiol. 1990;66:1473–1477
  43. Kanjander OA, Laippala P, Savolainen V, et al. Dose dependent but non-linear effects of alcohol on the left and right ventricle. Heart. 2001;86:417–423
  44. Prazak P, Pfisterer M, Osswald S, et al. Differences in disease progression in congestive heart failure due to alcoholic as compared to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J. 1996;17:251–257
  45. Demakis JG, Proskey A, Rahimtoola DH, et al. The natural course of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Ann Intern Med. 1974;80:293–297
  46. Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, et al. Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2005 guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2009;119:e391–e479
  47. Guillo P, Mansourati J, Maheu B, et al. Long term prognosis of patients with alcoholic cardiomyopathy and severe heart failure after total abstinence. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:1276–1278
  48. Nicolas JM, Fernandez-Sola J, Estruch R, et al. The effect of controlled drinking in alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:192–200
  49. Cooper HA, Exner DV, Domanski MJ. Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption and prognosis in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35:1753–1759
  50. US Department of Health and Human Services: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. September 2006.
  51. Willens H, Chakko S, Kessler K. Cardiovascular manifestations of cocaine abuse. A case of recurrent dilated cardiomyopathy. Chest. 1994;106:594–600
  52. Felker G, Hu W, Hare J. The spectrum of dilated cardiomyopathy. The Johns Hopkins experience with 1,278 patients. Medicine. 1999;78:270–283
  53. Bertolet B, Freund G, Martin D. Unrecognized left ventricular dysfunction in an apparently healthy cocaine abuse population. Clin Cardiol. 1990;13:323–328
  54. Kloner RA, Hale S, Alker K, et al. The effects of acute and chronic cocaine use on the heart. Circulation. 1992;85:407–419
  55. Mehta P, Grainger R, Lust R, et al. Effect of cocaine on left ventricular function: Relation to increased wall stress and persistence after treatment. Circulation. 1995;91:3002–3009
  56. Tazelaar H, Karch S, Stephens B. Cocaine and the heart. Hum Pathol. 1987;18:195–199
  57. Virmani R, Robinowitz M, Smialek J, et al. Cardiovascular effects of cocaine: an autopsy study of 40 patients. Am Heart J. 1989;117:1928–1929
  58. Isabelle M, Vergeade A, Mortiz F, et al. NADPH oxidase inhibition prevents cocaine-induced up-regulation of xanthine oxidoreductase and cardiac dysfunction. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2007;42:326–332
  59. Hollander J, Hoffman R, Burstein J, et al. Cocaine-associated myocardial infarction. Mortality and complications. Cocaine-Associated Myocardial Infarction Study Group. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:1081–1086
  60. Mittleman M, Mintzer D, Maclure M, et al. Triggering of myocardial infarction by cocaine. Circulation. 1999;99:2737–2741
  61. Mccord J, Brody S, Slovis C, et al. Cocaine-related medical problems: consecutive series of 233 patients. Am J Med. 1990;88:325–331
  62. Sauer C. Recurrent embolic stroke and cocaine-related cardiomyopathy. Stroke. 1991;22:1203–1205
  63. Preston K, Epstein D, Cone E, et al. Assessment of cocaine use with quantitative urinalysis and estimation of new uses. Addiction. 1997;92:717–727
  64. Weiss R, Gawin F. Protracted elimination of cocaine metabolites in long-term high dose cocaine abusers. Am J Med. 1988;85:879–880
  65. Gitter M, Goldsmith S, Dunbar D, et al. Cocaine and chest pain: clinical features and outcomes of patients hospitalized to rule out myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:277–282
  66. Brickner M, Willard J, Eichorn E, et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy associated with chronic cocaine abuse. Circulation. 1991;84:1130–1135
  67. McCord J, Jneid J, Hollander J. Management of cocaine-associated chest pain and myocardial infarction. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Acute Cardiac Care committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology. Circulation. 2008;117:1897–1907
  68. Wilkerson R. Cardiovascular effects of cocaine in conscious dogs: importance of fully functional autonomic and central nervous systems. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1988;246:466–471
  69. 2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2005;112(suppl IV):IV–126-IV-132
  70. Rappolt R, Gay G, Inaba D, et al. Propranolol in cocaine toxicity. Lancet. 1976;2:640–641
  71. Hollander J, Hoffman R, Gennis P, et al. Cocaine-associated chest pain: one year follow-up. Acad Emerg Med. 1995;2:179–181

 Statement of Conflict of Interest: see page 298.

PII: S0033-0620(09)00094-2

doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2009.11.004

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Volume 52, Issue 4 , Pages 289-299 , January 2010