« Previous
Next »
Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Volume 52, Issue 4
, Pages 274-288
, January 2010
Myocarditis
References
- Insensitivity of right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989;14:915–920
- . Diagnosis of myocarditis: death of Dallas criteria. Circulation. 2006;113:593–595
- Induction of major histocompatibility complex antigens within the myocardium of patients with active myocarditis: a nonhistologic marker of myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;15:624–632
- Definition of inflammatory cardiomyopathy (myocarditis): on the way to consensus. A status report. Herz. 2000;25:200–209
- Predictors of outcome in patients with suspected myocarditis. Circulation. 2008;118:639–648
- Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis: A JACC White Paper. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:1475–1487
- Cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of human myocarditis: a comparison to histology and molecular pathology. Circulation. 2004;109:1250–1258
- Suspected chronic myocarditis at cardiac MR: diagnostic accuracy and association with immunohistologically detected inflammation and viral persistence. Radiology. 2008;246:401–409
- The role of endomyocardial biopsy in the management of cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, and the European Society of Cardiology. Circulation. 2007;116:2216–2233
- . Twenty year autopsy statistics of myocarditis incidence in Japan. Jpn Circ J. 1986;50:1288–1293
- Fatal myocarditis: morphologic and clinical features. Ital Heart J. 2004;5:702–706
- Incidence of fatal myocarditis: a population-based study in Finland. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;165:570–574
- . Incidence of myocarditis. A 10-year autopsy study from Malmo, Sweden. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1991;115:390–392
- . Causes of sudden cardiac death in young Australians. Med J Aust. 2004;180:110–112
- The Myocarditis Treatment Trial: design, methods and patients enrollment. Eur Heart J. 1995;16(Suppl O):162–167
- High prevalence of viral genomes and multiple viral infections in the myocardium of adults with “idiopathic” left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation. 2005;111:887–893
- A clinical trial of immunosuppressive therapy for myocarditis. The Myocarditis Treatment Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:269–275
- A prospective study of biopsy-proven myocarditis: prognostic relevance of clinical and aetiopathogenetic features at diagnosis. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:1326–1333
- Survival in biopsy-proven myocarditis: a long-term retrospective analysis of the histopathologic, clinical, and hemodynamic predictors. Am Heart J. 2006;151:463–470
- Coxsackievirus B-3-induced myocarditis. Effect of sex steroids on viremia and infectivity of cardiocytes. Am J Pathol. 1987;126:432–438
- . Myocarditis susceptibility in female mice depends upon ovarian cycle phase at infection. Virology. 2004;330:16–23
- Gonadectomy of male BALB/c mice increases Tim-3(+) alternatively activated M2 macrophages, Tim-3(+) T cells, Th2 cells and Treg in the heart during acute coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis. Brain Behav Immun. 2009;23:649–657
- . Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis—natural history and treatment. Multicenter Giant Cell Myocarditis Study Group Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1860–1866
- Diagnosis and classification of myocarditis by endomyocardial biopsy. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:12–18
- Diagnosis and presentation of fatal myocarditis. Hum Pathol. 2005;36:1003–1007
- Sudden unexpected nontraumatic death in 54 young adults: a 30-year population-based study. Am J Cardiol. 1995;76:148–152
- Prevalence of myocarditis at autopsy in Turin. Italy. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1997;121:619–622
- Sudden death in young adults: a 25-year review of autopsies in military recruits. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:829–834
- Sudden deaths in young competitive athletes: analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980-2006. Circulation. 2009;119:1085–1092
- . Myocarditis and sudden infant death syndrome. Apmis. 2002;110:469–480
- . Pathologic features of sudden death in children, adolescents, and young adults. Chest. 1985;87:476–482
- . Sudden and unexpected natural death in childhood and adolescence. JAMA. 1985;254:1321–1325
- The epidemiology of childhood cardiomyopathy in Australia. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1639–1646
- Clinicopathological features of paediatric deaths due to myocarditis: an autopsy series. Arch Dis Child. 2008;93:594–598
- Incidence, causes, and outcomes of dilated cardiomyopathy in children. JAMA. 2006;296:1867–1876
- Noninvasive diagnosis of biopsy-proven cardiac amyloidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:410–415
- Myocarditis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients presenting acute clinical deterioration. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:733–740
- High prevalence of myocarditis mimicking arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy differential diagnosis by electroanatomic mapping-guided endomyocardial biopsy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:681–689
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Lancet. 2009;373:1289–1300
- . Coronary artery spasm in lymphocytic myocarditis: a rare cause of acute myocardial infarction. Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2005;91:202
- The European Study of Epidemiology and Treatment of Cardiac Inflammatory Diseases (ESETCID). First epidemiological results. Herz. 2000;25:279–285
- Pediatric myocarditis: emergency department clinical findings and diagnostic evaluation. Pediatrics. 2007;120:1278–1285
- Outcome of acute fulminant myocarditis in children. Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2006;92:1269–1273
- Electrocardiography of myocarditis revisited: clinical and prognostic significance of electrocardiographic changes. Am Heart J. 1992;124:455–467
- Lymphocytic myocarditis presenting as unexplained ventricular arrhythmias: diagnosis with endomyocardial biopsy and response to immunosuppression. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1984;4:812–819
- Viral myocarditis mimicking acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20:85–89
- Viral persistence in the myocardium is associated with progressive cardiac dysfunction. Circulation. 2005;112:1965–1970
- Q wave and non-Q wave myocarditis with special reference to clinical significance. Jpn Heart J. 1998;39:763–774
- . The clinical course of primary myocardial disease in infants and children. Am Heart J. 1976;92:549–560
- Predictors of disease course in patients with acute myocarditis. Circulation. 2000;102:2829–2835
- Serum levels of interleukin-10 on admission as a prognostic predictor of human fulminant myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:1292–1297
- Elevations of cardiac troponin I associated with myocarditis. Experimental and clinical correlates. Circulation. 1997;95:163–168
- Serum troponin T: diagnostic marker for acute myocarditis. Clin Chem. 1996;42:340–341
- Cardiac troponin T in patients with clinically suspected myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:1354–1359
- Cardiac troponin T: a marker in the diagnosis of acute myocarditis in children. Pediatr Cardiol. 2005;26:45–49
- Echocardiographic findings in myocarditis. Am J Cardiol. 1988;62:285–291
- . Echocardiography in acute infectious myocarditis: relation to clinical and electrocardiographic findings. Am J Cardiol. 1984;53:1331–1337
- Right ventricular dysfunction: an independent predictor of adverse outcome in patients with myocarditis. Am Heart J. 1994;128:301–307
- Myocarditis mimicking acute myocardial infarction: role of endomyocardial biopsy in the differential diagnosis. Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2000;84:245–250
- Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in lymphocytic myocarditis as assessed by Doppler echocardiography. Am J Cardiol. 1994;73:282–285
- Significant incidence of mural thrombi in acute myocarditis—indications for early anticoagulation (abstract). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1983;1:584
- Echocardiographic findings in fulminant and acute myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:227–232
- Contrast media-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging visualizes myocardial changes in the course of viral myocarditis. Circulation. 1998;97:1802–1809
- MRI of acute myocarditis: a comprehensive approach based on various imaging sequences. Chest. 2002;122:1638–1648
- Differentiating acute myocardial infarction from myocarditis: diagnostic value of early- and delayed-perfusion cardiac MR imaging. Radiology. 2005;237:75–82
- Diagnostic performance of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with suspected acute myocarditis: comparison of different approaches. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:1815–1822
- Presentation, patterns of myocardial damage, and clinical course of viral myocarditis. Circulation. 2006;114:1581–1590
- Coronary vasospasm as the underlying cause for chest pain in patients with PVB19 myocarditis. Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2008;94:1456–1463
- A new diagnostic test for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1075–1084
- Complication rate of right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy via the femoral approach: a retrospective and prospective study analyzing 3048 diagnostic procedures over an 11-year period. Circulation. 2008;118:1722–1728
- Myocarditis and heart failure associated with hepatitis C virus infection. J Card Fail. 2006;12:293–298
- . Hepatitis C virus infection and cardiomyopathies. Circ Res. 2005;96:144–147
- Myocarditis and cardiotropic viral infection associated with severe left ventricular dysfunction in late-stage infection with human immunodeficiency virus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;24:1025–1032
- Dilated cardiomyopathy in two adult human immunodeficiency positive (HIV+) patients possibly related to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Eur J Med Res. 2005;10:395–399
- HIV type 1 glycoprotein 120 inhibits cardiac myocyte contraction. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir. 2002;18:777–784
- Pathology of the heart in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Indian Heart J. 1998;50:321–325
- Prevalence of toxoplasma myocarditis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Br Heart J. 1993;70:376–381
- Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive patients with cardiac involvement. J Infect. 2000;40:282–284
- . Reviewing the cardiovascular complications of HIV infection after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Curr Drug Targets. 2005;5:337–343
- Lyme carditis in children: presentation, predictive factors, and clinical course. Pediatrics. 2009;123:e835–e841
- Borrelia burgdorferi as an etiologic agent in chronic heart failure. Scand J Infect Dis. 1991;77:85–87
- Association of an increase in CD8+ T cells with the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi antigens in chronic, human, chagasic myocarditis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997;56:485–489
- . Echocardiography in Chagas heart disease. Circulation. 2007;115:1124–1131
- Cardiac morbidity and mortality due to Chagas' disease: prospective electrocardiographic study of a Brazilian community. Circulation. 1987;75:1140–1145
- . Anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. Postgraduate medicine. 2008;120:67–72
- Cocaine cardiotoxicity: a review of the pathophysiology, pathology, and treatment options. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2009;9:177–196
- . Myocarditis related to drug hypersensitivity. Mayo Clin Proc. 1985;60:463–468
- Vasa-vasoritis of the aorta and fatal myocarditis in fulminant Churg-Strauss syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008;47:1728–1729
- Celiac disease associated with autoimmune myocarditis. Circulation. 2002;105:2611–2618
- . Loffler's endomyocarditis in the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Cardiology. 1999;91:272–276
- Parasitic diseases of the heart. Front Biosci. 2004;9:706–723
- Acute myocarditis associated with tetanus vaccination. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003;78:1431–1433
- Smallpox vaccination and myopericarditis: a clinical review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1503–1510
- . Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis—a distinctive clinico-pathological entity. Br Heart J. 1975;37:192–195
- A case of giant cell myocarditis and malignant thymoma: a postmortem diagnosis by needle biopsy. Clin Cardiol. 1998;21:48–51
- Giant cell myocarditis as a manifestation of drug hypersensitivity. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2000;9:287–291
- . Giant cell myocarditis: an entity distinct from sarcoidosis characterized by multiphasic myocyte destruction by cytotoxic T cells and histiocytic giant cells. Mod Pathol. 1996;9:1126–1134
- A clinical and histopathologic comparison of cardiac sarcoidosis and idiopathic giant cell myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:322–329
- Comparison of clinical features and prognosis of cardiac sarcoidosis and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82:537–540
- Enteroviral protease 2A cleaves dystrophin: evidence of cytoskeletal disruption in an acquired cardiomyopathy. Nat Med. 1999;5:320–326
- Human leukocyte antigen class II associations in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Myocarditis Treatment Trial Investigators. J Card Fail. 1997;3:97–103
- Unusual case presentations associated with the CD45 C77G polymorphism. Clin Exp Immunol. 2006;146:448–454
- . Selenium deficiency and viral infection. J Nutr. 2003;133(5 Suppl 1):1463S–1467S
- Effects of methyl mercury on cytokines, inflammation and virus clearance in a common infection (coxsackie B3 myocarditis). Toxicol Lett. 1996;89:19–28
- . The roles of selenium and mercury in the pathogenesis of viral cardiomyopathy. Congest Heart Fail (Greenwich, Conn). 2007;13:193–199
- Group B coxsackievirus myocarditis and pancreatitis: connection between viral virulence phenotypes in mice. Journal of medical virology. 2000;62:70–81
- Isolation of a common receptor for Coxsackie B viruses and adenoviruses 2 and 5. Science (New York, NY). 1997;275:1320–1323
- Coxsackieviruses B1, B3, and B5 use decay accelerating factor as a receptor for cell attachment. J Virol. 1995;69:3873–3877
- Integrin alpha v beta 5 selectively promotes adenovirus mediated cell membrane permeabilization. J Cell Biol. 1994;127:257–264
- Integrins alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 promote adenovirus internalization but not virus attachment. Cell. 1993;73:309–319
- Integrin alpha3beta1 is an alternative cellular receptor for adenovirus serotype 5. J Virol. 2003;77:13448–13454
- Cardiovirulent coxsackieviruses and the decay-accelerating factor (CD55) receptor. Virology. 1998;244:302–314
- Induction of coxsackievirus-adenovirus-receptor expression during myocardial tissue formation and remodeling: identification of a cell-to-cell contact-dependent regulatory mechanism. Circulation. 2003;107:876–882
- Spatiotemporal changes of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor in rat hearts during postnatal development and in cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rat. Virchows Arch. 2004;444:283–292
- Cardiac deletion of the Coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor abolishes Coxsackievirus B3 infection and prevents myocarditis in vivo. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:1219–1226
- . Autoimmunity in coxsackievirus B3 induced myocarditis. Autoimmunity. 2006;39:55–61
- Role of the innate immune system in acute viral myocarditis. Basic Res Cardiol. 2009;104:228–237
- Nitric oxide inhibits viral replication in murine myocarditis. J Clin Invest. 1996;97:1837–1843
- Sustained nitric oxide synthesis contributes to immunopathology in ongoing myocarditis attributable to interleukin-10 disorders. Am J Pathol. 2006;169:2085–2093
- Toll-like receptor 3 is an essential component of the innate stress response in virus-induced cardiac injury. Am J Physiol. 2007;292:H251–H258
- Myeloid differentiation factor-88 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis and influences type I interferon production. Circulation. 2005;112:2276–2285
- Complement receptor 1 and 2 deficiency increases coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and heart failure by increasing macrophages, IL-1beta, and immune complex deposition in the heart. J Immunol. 2006;176:3516–3524
- . Enteroviral infection of mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. Evidence for direct viral pathogenesis of myocardial injury. Lab Invest. 1992;66:24–31
- Mapping the cleavage site in protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-4 gamma of the 2A proteases from human Coxsackievirus and rhinovirus. J Biol Chem. 1993;268:19200–19203
- Inducible cardiac-restricted expression of enteroviral protease 2A is sufficient to induce dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2007;115:94–102
- Coxsackievirus B3 proteases 2A and 3C induce apoptotic cell death through mitochondrial injury and cleavage of eIF4GI but not DAP5/p97/NAT1. Apoptosis. 2007;12:513–524
- Cellular infiltrate, major histocompatibility antigen expression and immunopathogenic mechanisms in cardiac myosin-induced myocarditis. Lab Invest. 1991;65:538–547
- Critical role for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha in induction of experimental autoimmune myocarditis and effective anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene therapy. Circulation. 2005;112:3400–3407
- T-bet negatively regulates autoimmune myocarditis by suppressing local production of interleukin 17. J Exp Med. 2006;203:2009–2019
- Attenuation of experimental autoimmune myocarditis by blocking T cell activation through 4-1BB pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2009;46:719–727
- Experimental autoimmune myocarditis in A/J mice is an interleukin-4-dependent disease with a Th2 phenotype. Autoimmunity. 2001;159:193–203
- Dendritic cell-induced autoimmune heart failure requires cooperation between adaptive and innate immunity. Nat Med. 2003;9:1484–1490
- CD4 T cells play major effector role and CD8 T cells initiating role in spontaneous autoimmune myocarditis of HLA-DQ8 transgenic IAb knockout nonobese diabetic mice. J Immunol. 2006;176:7715–7725
- Induction of multiple heart autoantibodies in mice with coxsackievirus B3- and cardiac myosin-induced autoimmune myocarditis. J Immunol. 1994;152:343–350
- Circulating cardiac autoantibodies in dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis: pathogenetic and clinical significance. Eur J Heart Fail. 2002;4:411–417
- Circulating heart-reactive antibodies in patients with myocarditis or cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;16:839–846
- . Cardiac autoantibodies to myosin and other heart-specific autoantigens in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Autoimmunity. 2001;34:199–204
- Autoantibodies against the beta-adrenergic receptor in human myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy: beta-adrenergic agonism without desensitization. Eur Heart J. 1991;12(Suppl D):178–181
- Role of immunoglobulin G3 subclass in dilated cardiomyopathy: results from protein A immunoadsorption. Am Heart J. 2005;150:729–736
- Immunoglobulin G3 cardiac myosin autoantibodies correlate with left ventricular dysfunction in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: immunoglobulin G3 and clinical correlates. Am Heart J. 2002;143:1076–1084
- Development of troponin autoantibodies in experimental coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis. Eur J Clin Invest. 2009;39:457–462
- . Cardiac troponins and autoimmunity: Their role in the pathogenesis of myocarditis and of heart failure. Clin Immunol (Orlando, Fla). 2009;
- Cardiac troponin I but not cardiac troponin T induces severe autoimmune inflammation in the myocardium. Circulation. 2006;114:1693–1702
- High doses of digitalis increase the myocardial production of proinflammatory cytokines and worsen myocardial injury in viral myocarditis: a possible mechanism of digitalis toxicity. Jpn Circ J. 1999;63:934–940
- Beneficial effects of amlodipine in a murine model of Congest Heart Fail induced by viral myocarditis. A possible mechanism through inhibition of nitric oxide production. Circulation. 1997;95:245–251
- Nifedipine inhibits the activation of inflammatory and immune reactions in viral myocarditis. Life Sci. 2009;85:235–240
- . Enhancement of Coxsackievirus B3 replication in Vero cells by indomethacin. J Infect Dis. 1990;162:997–998
- Enhancement of coxsackievirus B4 virulence by indomethacin. J Lab Clin Med. 1990;116:116–120
- A nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug exacerbates Coxsackie B3 murine myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;6:1078–1082
- Paracorporeal pulsatile biventricular assist device versus extracorporal membrane oxygenation-extracorporal life support in adult fulminant myocarditis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009;137:194–197
- Mechanical circulatory support for the treatment of children with acute fulminant myocarditis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;122:440–448
- Thoratec ventricular assist devices in pediatric patients: update on clinical results. Asaio J. 2005;51:501–503
- Ventricular assist device use for the treatment of acute viral myocarditis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;131:1190–1191
- Detection of viruses in myocardial tissues by polymerase chain reaction. evidence of adenovirus as a common cause of myocarditis in children and adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:466–472
- Antiviral and myocyte protective effects of murine interferon-beta and -{alpha}2 in coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis and epicarditis in Balb/c mice. Am J Physiol. 2007;293:H69–H76
- Pancreatic expression of interferon-gamma protects mice from lethal coxsackievirus B3 infection and subsequent myocarditis. Nat Med. 2000;6:693–697
- Combination treatment with ribavirin and interferon for coxsackievirus B3 replication. J Lab Clin Med. 1992;120:569–573
- . Prevention of viral myocarditis with recombinant human leukocyte interferon alpha A/D in a murine model. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987;9:1320–1325
- The use of intravenous ribavirin to treat influenza virus-associated acute myocarditis. J Infect Dis. 1989;159:829–836
- Interferon-beta treatment eliminates cardiotropic viruses and improves left ventricular function in patients with myocardial persistence of viral genomes and left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation. 2003;107:2793–2798
- Effects of immunosuppressive therapy in biopsy-proved myocarditis and borderline myocarditis on left ventricular function. Am J Cardiol. 1991;68:370–376
- . Immunosuppressive therapy for myocarditis. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1713;[author reply 4]
- Intravenous immune globulin in the therapy of myocarditis and acute cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 1997;95:2476–2478
- . Intervention in myocarditis and acute cardiomyopathy with immune globulin: results from the randomized placebo controlled IMAC trial. Circulation. 1999;100(Suppl I):I–21[Abstract]
- Usefulness of immunosuppression for giant cell myocarditis. Am J Cardiol. 2008;102:1535–1539
- Immunosuppressive therapy in the management of acute myocarditis in children: a clinical trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;17:458–460
- Gamma-globulin treatment of acute myocarditis in the pediatric population. Circulation. 1994;89:252–257
- A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of prednisone for dilated cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:1061–1068
- Randomized, placebo-controlled study for immunosuppressive treatment of inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy: two-year follow-up results. Circulation. 2001;104:39–45
- Immunosuppressive therapy for active lymphocytic myocarditis: virological and immunologic profile of responders versus nonresponders. Circulation. 2003;107:857–863
- Immunomodulating therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation. 2001;103:220–225
- . Randomized study on the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with virus-negative inflammatory cardiomyopathy: the TIMIC study. Eur Heart J. 2009;
- Favorable effects of immunosuppressive therapy in children with dilated cardiomyopathy and active myocarditis. Pediatr Cardiol. 1995;16:61–68
- Immunosuppressive treatment for myocarditis and borderline myocarditis in children with ventricular ectopic rhythm. Br Heart J. 1994;72:354–359
- Controlled trial of intravenous immune globulin in recent-onset dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2001;103:2254–2259
- Modification of exercise-aggravated coxsackievirus B3 murine myocarditis by T lymphocyte suppression in an inbred model. J Lab Clin Med. 1990;115:454–462
- . Sudden death in young athletes. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1064–1075
- Task Force 4: HCM and other cardiomyopathies, mitral valve prolapse, myocarditis, and Marfan syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:1340–1345
- . Myocarditis: current trends in diagnosis and treatment. Circulation. 2006;113:876–890
- Long-term outcome of fulminant myocarditis as compared with acute (nonfulminant) myocarditis. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:690–695
- Myocardial expression of fas and recovery of left ventricular function in patients with recent-onset cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:1036–1042
- Short-term prognostic value of initial serum levels of interleukin-10 in patients with acute myocarditis. Eur J Heart Fail. 2005;7:109–112
- Long term follow up of children with myocarditis treated by immunosuppression and of children with dilated cardiomyopathy. Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2004;90:1167–1171
- Heart transplantation for giant cell myocarditis. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1994;13:555
- Total lymphoid irradiation: new therapeutic option for refractory giant cell myocarditis. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2004;23:492–495
- Immunization with an engineered mutant trans-sialidase highly protects mice from experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection: a vaccine candidate. Vaccine. 2008;26:2322–2334
- Vaccination of Balb/c mice against enteroviral mediated myocarditis. Vaccine. 1990;8:381–384
- Statistical analysis of relative labeled mass spectrometry data from complex samples using ANOVA. J Proteome Res. 2008;7:225–233
Statement of Conflict of Interest: see page 284.
⁎ Author's note: Substantial content in this review article is drawn from Cooper LT Jr. Myocarditis. N Engl J Med 2009;9;360(15):1526-38.
PII: S0033-0620(09)00096-6
doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2009.11.006
© 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Volume 52, Issue 4
, Pages 274-288
, January 2010
