« Previous
Next »
Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Volume 52, Issue 5
, Pages 401-409
, March 2010
Aldosterone: Role in the Cardiometabolic Syndrome and Resistant Hypertension
References
- . The obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus pandemic: part I. Increased cardiovascular disease risk and the importance of atherogenic dyslipidemia in persons with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Cardiometab Syndr. 2009;4:113–119
- The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US Population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:427–436
- Impact of the metabolic syndrome on mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and all causes in United States adults. Circulation. 2004;110:1245–1250
- Hypertension and the cardiometabolic syndrome. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2005;7:471–476
- . Obesity as a cardiovascular risk factor. Am J Med. 2003;115(Supp 8A):37S–41S
- . Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease. Nature. 2006;444:875–880
- . Metabolic risk factors and renal disease. Kidney Int. 2007;71:719–720
- Renin-aldosterone system and oxidative stress in cardiovascular insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007;293:H2009–2023
- Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States,1999-2004. JAMA. 2006;295:1549–1555
- Skeletal muscle insulin resistance: role of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008;294:R673–R680
- Low-dose spironolactone reduces reactive oxygen species generation and improves insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle in the TG(mRen2) rat. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008;295:E110–E116
- . ASH position paper: treatment of hypertension in patients with diabetes—an update. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2008;10:707–713
- . Renal redox stress and remodeling in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and diabetic nephropathy. Am J Nephrol. 2005;25:553–569
- . The emerging clinical implications of the role of aldosterone in the metabolic syndrome and resistant hypertension. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:776–783
- . Interaction of aldosterone and extracellular volume in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated kidney disease. Am J Nephrol. 2009;30:140–146
- . Effects of aldosterone on the vasculature. Hypertension. 2006;47:312–318
- Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism attenuates vascular apoptosis and injury via rescuing protein kinase B activation. Hypertension. 2009;53:158–165
- Aldosterone suppresses insulin signaling via the downregulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension. 2007;50:750–755
- . Aldosterone and vascular inflammation. Hypertension. 2008;51:161–167
- Characterization of resistant hypertension: association between resistant hypertension, aldosterone, and persistent intravascular volume expansion. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1159–1164
- Mineralcorticoid receptor antagonism attenuates kidney renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system mediated filtration barrier remodeling in the transgenic Ren2 rat. Am J of Physiol Renal Physiol. 2009;296:F1013–F1022
- Enhanced aldosterone signaling in the early nephrology of rats with metabolic syndrome: possible contribution of fat-derived factors. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17:3438–3446
- Plasma aldosterone is independently associated with the metabolic syndrome. Hypertension. 2006;48:239–245
- Prevalence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in primary aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrin Metab. 2006;91:454–459
- Adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in primary aldosteronism. Am J Hypertens. 2007;20:855–861
- Aldosterone as a key mediator of the cardiometabolic syndrome in primary aldosteronism: an observational study. J Hypertens. 2007;25:177–186
- Insulin sensitivity in patients with primary aldosteronism: a follow-up study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:3457–3463
- Fat cells may be the obesity-hypertension link: human adipogenic factors stimulate aldosterone secretion from adrenocortical cells. Endocr Res. 2004;30:865–870
- . Aldosterone stimulated differentiation of mouse 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes. Endocrinology. 1993;132:2421–2426
- Pivotal role of the mineralocorticoid receptor in corticosteroid-induced adipogenesis. FASEB J. 2007;21:2185–2194
- Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade reverses obesity-related changes in expression of adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, and proinflammatory adipokines. Circulation. 2008;117:2253–2261
- In vivo tissue specific modulation of rat insulin receptor gene expression in an experimental model of mineralocorticoid excess. Mol Cell Biochem. 1998;185:177–182
- . A possible association between primary aldosteronism and lower [beta]-cell function. J Hypertens. 2008;26:609–610
- . Pancreatic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the cardiometabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes. J Cardiometab Synd. 2008;3:129–131
- Hyperaldosteronism among black and white subjects with resistant hypertension. Hypertension. 2002;40:892–896
- Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in moderate to severe hypertension in Central Europe region. J Hum Hypertens. 2003;17:349–352
- Low-renin status in therapy-resistant hypertension: a clue to efficient treatment. J Hypertens. 2004;22:2217–2226
- Association of adrenal steroids with hypertension and the metabolic syndrome in blacks. Hypertension. 2007;49:704–711
- Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in resistant hypertension: a retrospective observational study. Lancet. 2008;371:1921–1926
- Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in moderate to severe hypertension in the Central Europe region. J Hum Hypertens. 2003;17:349–352
- A prospective study of the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in 1,125 hypertensive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:2293–2300
- Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Circulation. 2008;117:e510–e526
- . Aldosterone and metabolic dysfunction: an unresolved issue. Hypertension. 2009;53:585–586
- Influence of arterial blood pressure and aldosterone on left ventricular hypertrophy in moderate essential hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 1993;71:17A–20A
- Associations between circulating components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and left ventricular mass. Heart. 1997;77:24–31
- Serum aldosterone and the incidence of hypertension in nonhypertensive persons. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:33–41
- Clinical and genetic correlates of aldosterone-to-renin ratio and relations to blood pressure in a community sample. Hypertension. 2007;49:846–856
- Evidence for an increased rate of cardiovascular events in patients with primary aldosteronism. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:1243–1248
- Metabolic syndrome in primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension: relationship to adiponectin gene variants. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;[Epub ahead of print]
- Epithelial sodium channel regulated by aldosterone-induced protein sgk. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96:2514–2519
- Regulation of sgk by aldosterone and its effects on the epithelial Na(+) channel. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2000;278:F613–F619
- Aldosterone-induced inflammation in the rat heart : role of oxidative stress. Am J Pathol. 2002;161:1773–1781
- ANG II-induced cardiac molecular and cellular events: role of aldosterone. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006;291:H336–H343
- . Mechanisms for nongenomic and genomic effects of aldosterone on Na+/H+ exchange in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Hypertens. 2005;23:2237–2250
- Aldosterone activates Na+/H+ exchange in vascular smooth muscle cells by nongenomic and genomic mechanisms. Kidney Int. 1999;56:1400–1412
- . Brain mineralocorticoid receptors: orchestrators of hypertension and end-organ disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2004;13:191–196
- The amygdala: site of genomic and nongenomic arousal of aldosterone-induced sodium intake. Kidney Int. 2000;57:1337–1345
- Cardiovascular and renal sympathetic activation by blood-borne TNF-alpha in rat: the role of central prostaglandins. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003;284:R916–R927
- Does aldosterone upregulate the brain rennin-angiotensin system in rats with heart failure?. Hypertension. 2008;51:727–733
- Is aldosterone synthesized within the rat brain?. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005;288:E342–E346
- . The central role of the brain in salt-sensitive hypertension. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2006;21:295–304
- Increased plasma aldosterone-to-renin ratio is associated with impaired left ventricular longitudinal functional reserve in patients with uncomplicated hypertension. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2008;21:251–256
- Cardiac remodeling in patients with primary aldosteronism. J Endocrinol Invest. 2009;[Epub ahead of print]
- Blood aldosterone-to-renin ratio, ambulatory blood pressure, and left ventricular mass in children. J Pediatr. 2009;155:170–175
- Aldosterone induces angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene expression in cultured neonatal rat cardiocytes. Circulation. 2001;104:137–139
- Selective aldosterone blockade prevents angiotensin II/salt-induced vascular inflammation in the rat heart. Endocrinology. 2002;143:4828–4836
- Aldosterone mediates angiotensin II–induced interstitial cardiac fibrosis via a Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase. FASEB J. 2006;20:1546–1548
- Angiotensin II receptor type 1–mediated vascular oxidative stress and proinflammatory gene expression in aldosterone-induced hypertension: the possible role of local renin-angiotensin system. Endocrinology. 2007;148:1688–1696
- Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade attenuates chronic overexpression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system stimulation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and cardiac remodeling. Endocrinology. 2007;148:3773–3780
- Effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system triple blockade on non-diabetic renal disease: addition of an aldosterone blocker, spironolactone, to combination treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker. Hypertens Res. 2008;31:59–67
- . Antiproteinuric effects of mineralocorticoid receptor blockade in patients with chronic renal disease. Am J Hypertens. 2005;18:44–49
- . Combination therapy with aldosterone blockade and renin-angiotensin inhibitors confers organ protection. Hypertens Res. 2006;29:211–216
- . Aldosterone blockade: an emerging strategy for abrogating progressive renal disease. Am J Med. 2006;119:912–919
- . Aldosterone antagonism in addition to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in heart failure. Minerva Cardioangiol. 2003;51:155–164
- Effects of aldosterone and angiotensin II receptor blockade on cardiac angiotensinogen and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats. Am J Hypertens. 2007;20:1119–1124
- Aldosterone-receptor antagonism in hypertension. J Hypertens. 2009;27:680–691
- Triple pharmacological blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in nondiabetic CKD: an open-label crossover randomized controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2008;52:486–493
Statement of Conflict of Interest: see page 407.
PII: S0033-0620(09)00120-0
doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2009.12.004
© 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Volume 52, Issue 5
, Pages 401-409
, March 2010
