Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Volume 53, Issue 1 , Pages 15-20 , July 2010

From Framingham to North Karelia: From Descriptive Epidemiology to Public Health Action

  • Pekka Puska

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Pekka Puska, MD, PhD, MPolSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.

References 

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  10. Puska P, Tuomilehto J, Nissinen A, et al. The North Karelia Project 20 years results and experiences. Helsinki: National Public Health Institute; 1995;
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  12. Kottke TE, Puska P, Salonen JT, et al. Projected effects of high-risk versus population-based prevention strategies in coronary heart disease. Am J Epidemiol. 1985;121:697–704
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  14. Puska P, Vartiainen E. Community-based intervention studies in high-income countries. In:  Detels R,  Beaglehole R,  Lansang MA,  Gulliford M editor. Oxford Textbook of Public Health. Chapter 69. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009;p. 557–566
  15. MRFIT group. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: a national study of primary prevention of coronary artery disease. JAMA. 1976;235:825–827
  16. Puska P, Leparski E. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Comprehensive cardiovascular community control programmes in Europe. Copenhagen: World Health Organization; 1988;
  17. Nissinen A, Berrios X, Puska P. (2001). Community-based noncommunicable disease interventions: lessons from developed countries for developing ones. Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79:963–970
  18. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenahgen . Protocol and guidelines: Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable Diseases Intervention (CINDI) Programme, Copenhagen. 1996;
  19. Soris WHM, Astrup A, Prentice AM, et al. Randomized controlled trial of changes in dietary carbohydrate/fat ratio and simple vs complex carbohydrates on body weight and blood lipids: the CARMEN study. Int J Obesity. 2000;24:1310–1318
  20. In:  Puska P,  Vartiainen E,  Laatikainen T,  Jousilahti P,  Paavola M editor. The North Karelia Project: from North Karelia to national action. Helsinki: The National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL); 2009;
  21. Vartiainen E, Jousilahti P, Alfthan G, et al. Cardiovascular risk factor changes in Finland, 1972-1997. Int J Epidemiol. 2000;29:49–56
  22. Vartiainen E, Puska P, Pekkanen J, et al. Changes in risk factors explain changes in mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Finland. BMJ. 1994;309:23–27
  23. Laatikainen T, Critchley J, Vartiainen E, et al. Explaining the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in Finland between 1982 and 1997. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;162:764–773

 Statement of Conflict of Interest: see page 20.

PII: S0033-0620(10)00004-6

doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2010.01.003

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Volume 53, Issue 1 , Pages 15-20 , July 2010

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