Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Volume 53, Issue 1 , Pages 62-67 , July 2010

Deciphering the Causes of Cardiovascular and Other Complex Diseases in Populations: Achievements, Challenges, Opportunities, and Approaches

  • Salim Yusuf

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Salim Yusuf, DPhil, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8L 2X2.
    • ,
  • Sonia Anand

References 

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  2. Kannel WB, Castelli WP, McNamara PM. The coronary profile: 12-year follow-up in the Framingham study. J Occup Med. 1967;9:611–619
  3. D'Agostino RB, Grundy S, Sullivan LM, et al. CHD Risk Prediction Group. Validation of the Framingham coronary heart disease prediction scores: results of a multiple ethnic groups investigation. JAMA. 2001;286:180–187
  4. Truett J, Cornfield J, Kannel W. A multivariate analysis of the risk of coronary heart disease in Framingham. J Chronic Dis. 1967;20:511–524
  5. Lloyd-Jones DM, Leip EP, Larson MG, et al. Prediction of lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease by risk factor burden at 50 years of age. Circulation. 2006;113:791–798
  6. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364:937–952
  7. Kelemen LE, Anand SS, Hegele RA, et al. Associations of plasma homocysteine and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism with carotid intima media thickness among South Asian, Chinese and European Canadians. Atherosclerosis. 2004;176:361–370
  8. Teo KK, Ounpuu S, Hawken S, et al. Tobacco use and risk of myocardial infarction in 52 countries in the INTERHEART study: a case-control study. Lancet. 2006;368:647–658
  9. Anstey KJ, Lipnicki DM, Low EF. Cholesterol as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline: a systematic review of prospective studies with meta-analysis. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008;16:343–354
  10. Nagai M, Hoshide S, Kario K. Hypertension and dementia. Am J Hypertens. 2010;23:116–124
  11. Peters R, Poulter R, Warner J, et al. Smoking, dementia and cognitive decline in the elderly, a systematic review. BMC Geriatrics. 2008;8:36–42
  12. Chow CK, Lock K, Teo K, et al. Environmental and societal influences acting on cardiovascular risk factors and disease at a population level: a review. Int J Epidemiol. 2009;38:1580–1594
  13. Engert JC, Do R, Zhang X, et al. Diet modifies the myocardial infarction risk of chromosome 9p21 variants globally. In: Poster session presented at: 59th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics; 2009 Oct 20-24; Honolulu, Hawaii. 2009;
  14. CRP CHD Genetics Collaboration. Collaborative pooled analysis of data on C-reactive protein gene variants and coronary disease: judging causality by Mendelian randomisation. Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23:531–540
  15. Herbst AL, Ulfelder H, Poskanzer DC. Adenocarcinoma of the vagina: association of maternal stilbestrol therapy with tumor appearance in young women. N Engl J Med. 1971;284:878–881
  16. Yusuf S. Two decades of progress in preventing vascular disease. Lancet. 2002;360:2–3
  17. Wald NJ, Law MR. A strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 80%. BMJ. 2003;326:1419
  18. Indian Polycap Study (TIPS) , Yusuf S, Pais P, et al. Effects of a polypill (Polycap) on risk factors in middle-aged individuals without cardiovascular disease (TIPS): a phase II, double-blind, randomised trial. Lancet. 2009;373:1341–1351

 Statement of Conflict of Interest: see page 67.

PII: S0033-0620(10)00005-8

doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2010.02.001

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Volume 53, Issue 1 , Pages 62-67 , July 2010

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